Anouk Hartmans, Leon Žužek, Lucija Karnelutti, Sabina Pajmon and Toma Strle

ABSTRACT
This study explores the effectiveness of a nudge-based
intervention, to reduce cigarette butt littering on a student
campus. Using the principles of nudge theory, particularly the
EAST framework, we designed a ballot box, allowing smokers
to “vote” by disposing of their cigarette butts. Observations
conducted before and after the intervention revealed a
statistically significant increase in proper disposal, supporting
the claim that nudges can positively influence environmental
behavior. However, the study also highlights several limitations,
including varying participant demographics and the challenge of
isolating the factors driving behavioral change.